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Although E. coli is often implicated in the large-scale food poisoning outbreaks you see on the news, only a few strains of the bacteria actually cause disease. Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, is naturally found in human and animal intestines to aid digestion and protect from harmful microbes. However, certain strains of E. coli, such as O157:H7, are Read more

Climate change has been one of the most significant environmental issues of the 21st century. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that the average global temperature has increased by approximately 1.1°C since the pre-industrial period. This unprecedented increase has caused significant changes in weather patterns, resulting in more frequent and intense Read more

Water is an essential requirement for life. The average adult needs around 3 litres of water every day. However, not all water is safe for drinking. Diseases that are acquired through the intake of unsafe drinking water has made a major impact on public health. Fortunately, nowadays interventions are in place to assure access to Read more

Most people are familiar with algae as it comes in the form of seaweeds, pond scum, or algal blooms in lakes. Thus, it can cause some confusion as to their exact description. Algae is more of an umbrella term that includes a wide range of organisms that are capable of producing oxygen through photosynthesis. These Read more

Danger lurks in the recesses of your air conditioning unit. A bacteria that attacks the respiratory system can grow in your cooling towers and can affect those who are exposed to the contaminated mist and vapor that comes from them. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of legionnaires disease, a specific type of pneumonia that Read more

For those of us who are living in developed countries, water, sanitation, hygiene, and toilets may not be a big deal. However, approximately 3.6 billion people, mostly those who are living in developing countries, do not have access to water, sanitation, hygiene, and toilets. The fact is, toilets, and the sanitation systems that support them, Read more